INGE@UAN es una revista especializada en investigación e innovación de temas propios de las ciencias ingenieriles, publicada por primera vez en Junio de 2009 de forma semestral bajo la coordinación del Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Antonio Nariño. Los artículos publicados en Inge@UAN son de acceso abierto, los cuales han pasado por un proceso de revisión y evaluación por parte de expertos en diversas áreas de la Ingeniería. Durante los últimos años, Inge@UAN fue un espacio propicio para la socialización de trabajos de diseño, desarrollo e innovacion en ramas de la ingeniería tales como ambiental, civil, mecánica, industrial, sistemas y computación, eléctrica, electrónica, automatización, telecomunicaciones, biomédica, mecatrónica y electromecánica. Se publico hasta el 2015. ISSN: 2145-0935 - ISSN en línea: 2346-1446
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Artículo de investigación científica y tecnológica
Copyright (c) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
En el desarrollo del número 9 de inge@UAN, hemos participado activamentela autora de esta editorial desde la Universidad Antonio Nariño y elDoctor Reinel Beltrán, miembro del comité editorial, de la Universidad deOriente en Cuba.
Comité Editorial, Comité Científico, Evaluadores, Contenido, Perfil Editorial
En este número cada artículo presenta una propuesta que responde o permitirá responder a los desaf íos provenientes de problemáticas y necesidades sociales y económicas, desde distintas áreas de la ingeniería. La primera parte de este número de Inge@UAN, presenta artículos originales de investigación sobre diferentes aplicaciones en el campo de las imágenes digitales. El primer artículo presenta un sistema computacional de inferencia para generar efectos psicodélicos en Imágenes (Rodríguez, Ponce, Espitia 2014). A continuación se presenta una comparación de prestaciones de diferentes clasificadores de imágenes de números escritos a mano (Montes, Bello, Piragauta, Orjuela-Cañón 2014). Posteriormente, se encuentran dos artículos sobre herramientas computacionales donde se estudian imágenes para proponer soluciones a problemas de nuestra sociedad. El primero es una herramienta computacional para prevención de desastres en casos de inundación (Avendaño, Parra, Bayona 2014). El segundo es una herramienta computacional para estudio del ictus cerebral (González, Cabal, Barbará, Pérez, Rodríguez 2014). Por último, encontraremos tres propuestas desde distintas ramas de la ingeniería orientadas a resolver necesidades evidentes a nivel regional y local. La primera propuesta es una herramienta para optimizar la gestión de mantenimiento basado en ordenador (Herrera, Duany-Alfonso, Abreu-Duque 2014). La segunda propuesta es un mapa de riesgos para la calidad del agua de un sistema de abastecimiento municipal colombiano (Arias, Bejarano, Zafra 2014). La tercera propuesta es el uso de sistemas RFID para controlar grandes inventarios (Ramírez, Meléndez 2014). Esperamos que el número 8 de inge@UAN, enriquezca a los lectores y los motive a afrontar desaf íos desde distintas ramas de la ingeniería, tal como lo hacen los autores de los artículos presentados en este número.
Hoy en día es fundamental modelar sistemas mediante herramientas matemáticas y así poder implementar un modelo computacional. Estos modelos permiten identificar características, predecir comportamientos y evaluar impactos. Por otro lado la implementación de modelos computacionales permite diseñar herramientas que permitan procesar, simular, analizar y en algunos casos controlar un sistema. En este número, se evidenciara distintos usos de modelos matemáticos y computacionales aplicados a una variedad de campos de acción de relevancia nacional e internacional.
Innovación a través de lasTecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC).
Método de regresión polinomial aplicado a la estimación de la señal de referencia de un sistema de filtrado adaptativo por cancelación para el tratamiento del desplazamiento de la línea de base del electrocardiograma
The systems of leaked (filtered) adaptative consist principally of a sign of reference. From these two series of time, the system of leaked adaptative conditions his internal variables to obtain the wished response. In the specific case of a system of leaked adaptative for cancellation, there is needed the estimation of mathematical function that shapes the distortion that wants to avoid of the sign of entry. This article centres on the problem of removal of the displacement of the base line of the electrocardiogram (ECG) for which a system has been designed for the estimation of the sign of reference, by means of the method of polynominal regression, whisch takes different points of the electrocardiogram. The sign of estimated reference is applied to a system of leaked adaptative by cancellation for the base line of the ECCG.
Copyright (c) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Quantitative Model in Security Informatics Risk Assessment
This paper shows the importance of approaching in security Risk Assessment (RA) about Quantitative model in Risk Management. The RA has been calculated with qualitative method by different framework, for example: RISK IT FRAMEWORK (COBIT Component) [7], OCTAVE – ALLEGRO [8], MAGERIT V3 [9], FAIR [4], ISO 27005 [11], NIST800-30 [3]. All frameworks included in the scope the Risk Assessment; however this is more qualitative than quantitative. In this work, we propose a methodology to support the implementation and execution risk management, using quantitative risk assessment method. The methodology is based on three components: secure capture logs (apply networks forensic technical), likelihood risk or log analysis with logistic regression and risk assessment with influence diagrams.
Diseño de un reactor UASB de escala laboratorio y bajo costo para investigación y enseñanza en laboratorios de bajos ingresos
Los reactores anaerobios de manto de lodo de flujo ascendente (UASB) son el sistema más ampliamente implementado para el tratamiento anaerobio de aguas residuales de alto contenido de material orgánico. Aun cuando estos son sistemas altamente eficientes y la producción de metano a partir de agua residual los hace energéticamente atractivos, su implementación en países en desarrollo todavía está retrasada no solo debido a dificultades financieras, sino debido a que su operación es relativamente complicada. Por esta razón, es crucial mantener reactores UASB de escala laboratorio instalados, de manera que se puedan entrenar técnicos y profesionales en este campo. Desafortunadamente, los costos de instalación pueden ser prohibitivos para algunos laboratorios de bajos ingresos. Dado que la litera­tura científica usualmente hace énfasis en los resultados obtenidos usando reactores UASB, pero rara vez se enfoca en sus detalles de construcción, aquí se presenta una descripción detallada de la construcción de un reactor UASB de bajo costo para investigación y enseñanza en los laboratorios de ingeniería ambiental de la Universidad Antonio Nariño.
Design and implementation of the control system on-off the laser projector Lasiris Magnum II for SICAIPAV II system
Automatic inspection systems use laser technology pavements for co­llection pavement damage generating three dimensional images of high precision. However, depending on the category of laser may cause injury to people or animals. In Colombia, the automated system SICAIPAV 11 is developed for collecting three dimensional data of paved roads using a class IIIB laser projector. Maintain safety of operators and bystanders, and comply with Colombian law occupational safety and welfare are an indis­pensable requirement surveying in the field. This paper presents the design and implementation of a control electronic system for on-off laser projector automatic system using ultrasonic sensors, an encoder and an Arduino de­velopment board. The control system is coupled on the back of a vehicle and allows turned on or off the laser depending on the vehicle speed or proximity of people within an area approximately 3 m2. Finally, experimen­tal tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, with coverage of 52,9% of the area of risk and delay times 1,13 S.
Methodology of design and hydrodynamic simulation of a Kaplan microturbine using computer tools
This paper evaluates a simulation model of a six blades Kaplan microtur­bine; with this, the effect caused by the pitch variation of the turbine when obtaining power at the output shaft is parametrically analyzed implement­ing different rotation speeds of the latter, related to the surrounding water flow. The geometry is simplified to reduce the processing time, discretiza­tion and the model analysis; the simulation was performed under defined boundary conditions and using computational fluid dynamics. With the data obtained, it was generated a series of 2D and 3D performance curves, that allows to characterize the behavior of the Ka plan microturbine, taking into account the inclination of the blades and the impeller rotation speed, in order to determine the operation ranges in which the highest power output is obtained.
Display and Control of Variables in Water Supply Plant in the U niversity of Quindio
This document shows the technological development based on a display system and control variables, which through an electric and electronic circuit, provides the necessary information about the variables involved in the operation of pumps such as: voltage, current and pressure. The pump is located at the Basic Sciences and Technology bulding of the University of Quindio. The variables are displayed and permanently controlled during operation improving the water supply plant process. This technological development was designed with the purpose of reducing costs through increasing the useful life of the plant components and minimizing energy and water consumption. The implementation is based by a board built on Arduino mega 2560, which receive and process information from the sen­sors involved in the process.
GIS in assessing of landslide susceptibility and structural systems
Currently, geographic information systems (GIS) are a fundamental tool in the capture, processing, analysis and dissemination of spatial data. Geo­technical and structural engineering, where the characterization of mate­rials and structures is important, GIS facilitate the inclusion of descriptive data called attributes to spatial or geographic records. In this paper two applications of this type of mapping is processing; The first has to do with the evaluation of susceptibility to landslide phenomena where two meth­odologies that divide the study area into cells of defined size are applied, GIS processing information from data capture to the generation of outputs graphs. The second application is geared towards identifying and analyzing the different structural systems, where the assessment of structural aspects contained performed in the Standard Seismic Resistant 2010 (NSR-10), the data are collected and included in the GIS systematically, in order that they are part of the attributes of each building represented by a polygon. The two applications are developed in the city of Tunja, Boyacá and intended to be part of a preliminary study of seismic vulnerability to substantiate a study of micro-zoning, necessary for the city. Such applications were not developed in the city and generate useful cartographic database data in decision-making for the planning and distribution of resources on issues re­lated to seismic hazard and attention in areas of greatest vulnerability. How GIS appreciated facilitate processing of spatial and descriptive information and its importance in the analysis of spatial trends and characterization of geographic areas and buildings.
Dynamical brain connectivity markers in presymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia generally with an onset after the 65 years. However, there are some genetic mutations that induce the onset of the neurocognitive symptoms before that age. The study of mutation carriers provides a unique opportunity to identify early preclinical changes related to Alzheimer's disease. The Event Related Potentials are a powerful tool used for the study of the neural substrates of cognitive function and deterioration. The connectivity analysis emerges as an alternative to the average approach typical in Event Related Potentials. In the current work two groups, mutation carriers and non-carriers, perform a memory task during Electroencephalography recording. Brain graphs are built at different time points using the directed Direct Transfer Function. Our results show how the dynamical study of the connectivity might help to detect neuronal changes in preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease.
Cooperation to promote the adoption of electricity efficient consumption technologies electricity consumption
This paper presents a model based on differential equations which evaluates the effect of changing the delay value of cooperation in a mechanism based on trust, which was implemented to promote the adoption of efficient technologies electricity consumption in a simulation model. The model used system dynamics to study the effects of delays in promoting cooperation to reduce CO2 emissions by adopting efficient technologies of energy consumption. We claim this conclusion is important to develop institutions which promote effective cooperation to solve climate change.
The cable transport and its role in sustainable urban mobility
An abstraction on the development of mobility in towns and cable transport systems, their origin and evolution, its characteristics and its consistency with the new global and political trends in urban mobility is presented. A description of the main advantages of this type of systems is made and are highlighted by the presentation of case studies on global and Latin American framework. It is concluded that the cables transport systems and their various types, present adequate support against the mechanisms and strategies that make plans for sustainable urban mobility in cities, showing the main advantages being effective, safe, comfortable, fast systems and with significant benefits to the environment, an alternative that could contribute to improving the conditions of urban mobility in the cities of Latin America.
Trends in training in the field of computing - Analysis of master’s programs in Colombia
This paper presents an analysis of master’s programs that currently exist in Colombia to provide education in the field of computing. For performing this work, a four steps methodology was used: i) identification of the academic offer, ii) recompilation of information, iii) classification of the programs iv) and generation of reports and analysis of the findings. The main results are the characterization of the academic offer of master programs in computing, the names of the programs, their granted academic degrees, and the research areas, which were analyzed and classified by taking as reference the curricula recommendations by the Association for Computing Machinery - ACM. Finally, this study provides elements that enrich the ongoing discussion that occurs in the academic community in the country, on the present and future of computer education at different levels, and particularly in the master level.
International mobility of engineering professionals in Colombia: A review from the professionalism and institutionalism
This article discusses the different aspects that affect the international mobility of engineering professionals from the field of professionalism, institutionalism and relationships between these theories presented. The importance of the engineering profession as high impact activity to society, in terms of good professional practice, competencies and skills of professionals, regulators professions, the importance of professional certification related to compliance with requirements regulators themselves
Selection of software, a systematic review
Software selection is a process in which several decision makers are involved, which have different preferencesthat could be mutually exclusive,this added to the different criteria that should be consider when evaluating the alternatives, makes this type of situation a multicriteria decision problem, that can be approached from the multiple-criteria analysis perspective. In this paper, a systematic review of software selection is presented, with the main goal of establishing an academic support for this type of process. To elaborate the state of the art, research questions, the inclusion criteria of the documents, the search process and analyze data to answer the questions identified, were defined. The main contribution of this paper is the determination of the methodologies used and the set of criteria that can be taken as a basis for the evaluation of alternatives, to choose the most appropriate according to the context of the software selection process.
Use of geostatistical as analysis tool to formalize results in the field of electrosmog
This paper shows an application of geostatistics as fundamental tool to the analysis of an variable whose behavior has dependence with its space distribution or localization, in a particular place. Particularly this article presents the results for the analysis of the levels of electromagnetic pollution in the city of Lugano (Switzerland) using statistical techniques and interpolation space (geostatistical estimation procedures, known as“kriging”), using freeware toolslike GoogleMaps and statistical analysissoftware R.The samples were acquired from measurements made by the research group TTHF (Telecom, telemetry and high frequency) in the city of Lugano on bands where mobile telephone works (900MHz, 1800MHz and 2100MHz) using the probe electric field (NARDA PMM 8057-FTP).
Experimental Identification and Control of Solars Dryers for Wood
This paper presents results of designing and implementation of experiments for modeling two prototypes of solar dryers: with solar thermal contribution and wood energy storage in water. In both cases, the mathematical model was obtained using experimental identification through Output Error. The best model is used for the controller Proportional Integral design in order to control the relative humidity in the drying chamber of a solar dryer for wood energy storage in water. Finally, the simulation and practical implementation of the dryer controlled are presented.
Optimization of tuning PID controllers under IAE criteria applied to thermal processes
Equations tuning for PID controllers integrated approach are widely used in industry. Have developed different types of tuning equationsincluding the most used is the IAE. In the literature several types of tuning equations are reported, but these look satisfactory operation of the control loop but not the optimal operation with a minimum value in the response of the controlled variable. In this research, the response is optimized when IAE equations tuning is used in PID controllers, which seeksto minimize the deviation of the controlled variable to the set point for regulatory control, in order to decrease the value of IAE, which is necessary in critical applications such as the paper industry, where the management of temperature deviation is critical for the final product quality
Range of the tolerance in the solution of integrals for the Moment Method (MM) during the computes of thin antennas of straight wires
Taking advantage of the excellent opportunities offered by the professional MATLAB software; an analysis of the solution of integrals generated by the Method of Momentsin conjunction with the method of the Adapted Points and their influence on the final outcome of the simulation of thin antennas of straight and electrically short conductives is made. It was taken into consideration the recommendation to use a basisfunction or polynomial ofsimple expansion and organized in power series of few terms in the case of thin symmetrical dipoles and electrically short antennas, and also some recommendations are made.
Alternativas para el Control Multivariable
This paper presents multiple alternatives for multivariable control in two industrial processes: Distillation Column and Evaporator. The design of four control strategies is presented, that includes a multiloop control, a decoupling multivariable control, both with Proportional Integral structure, a decoupling control through Inverse Nyquist Array, an Internal Model Control and a predictive control. Simulations results are obtained using Matlab, and show the potentialities of each one of those strategies to handle references changes and disturbances. The advantages of predictive control in regulation of multivariable processes are evident.
Application of Loop Automation in an overhead distribution network of medium voltage
Product to the affectations happened in the distribution circuits by the faults happened in its the investigation arises: Application of the Loop Automation in a net of distribution of half tension, looking for design a system of protection that is able to isolate the fault in the smallest tract in the possible circuit, avoiding a high number of clients so is affected. In the work is carried out a brief description of the protection commonly used in the distribution systems demonstrating as these they are not able to limit the fault to the smallest possible area, and of how that is possible using the recloser of Nulec working under the Loop Automation. Also, is proposed a work methodology that facilitates the design of this system of protection getting in the analyzed circuits the faults affect to the smallest number of clients.
Mathematical model to determine the Coagulation Time Human Blood from Experimental Data
In this paper a linear mathematical model of first order with delay is presented to characterize the clotting time of blood from experimental data obtained by the technique of dynamic speckle. The experimental platform used has a CCD camera, a He-Ne laser and a computer for recording and processing information. Experimental results are presented, analysis and development of an automatic control system to validate the proposed medical treatment aimed at reducing the coagulation time of blood
Stability analysis of the adaptive fuzzy control system of the continuous casting process of steel of ACINOX – Las Tunas
Stability theory plays a central role in systems theory and engineering, is considered the most important qualitative property of linear control systems so if a system does not fulfill this condition, the rest of the specifications are meaningless. In fact, most system designs are aimed directly or indirectly to obtain stable systems to the point that it is senseless to speak of a control system if it is not stable. In dynamic systems, there are different types of stability problems and to analyze them, Lyapunov theory has a prominent place. In this paper the stability analysis of the control system is done in mold level with fuzzy adaptation process proposed for the continuous casting of steel factory Acinox Las Tunas, where will be applied first and the second Lyapunov’s methods.
Robust Visual Segmentation using RCrR Plane and Mahalanobis Distance
In this paper a robust algorithm against illumination changes for skin detection in images is proposed. A database with 50 controlled condition images and 50 without controlled conditions of people in frontal position showing face, hands and arms was used. Five algorithms to perform color correction are evaluated: Simple Correction with Green Channel, Color Channel Compression, Color Channel Expansion, Fixed Reference and Gamma Correction. And four algorithms for segmentation are evaluated as well: RGB Skin Color, Reference Histogram, Euclidean Distance and Mahalanobis Distance. The proposed algorithm uses the Fixed Reference method together with Gamma Correction for color correction and performs the skin segmentation based on an RCrR color plane, found by making the transformation of the images using RGB and YCbCr spaces, finally Mahalanobis Distance is used. An average sensitivity value of 99.36 % and specificity of 84.31 % were obtained as result.
Robot Socially assistive and for multimodal autonomous interaction
This paper presents the methods and techniques used to create a multimodal interaction robot. This multimodal interaction allow to the robot interact with multi – users at the same time. In order to facilitate common tasks in nondeterministic environments, where several people needs to interact, such as a classroom. It has created a socially assistive robot endowed with anthropomorphic and cognitive features that gives you a sense of realism to the user, namely the user thinks for a considerable period of time that really is interacting with a living being.