Concepto y estrategias de biorremediación
Resumen
La biorremediación es una tecnología que utiliza el potencial metabólico de losmicroorganismos (su capacidad de biodegradación) para limpiar terrenos o aguascontaminadas (Watanabe, 2001). También se puede definir como un grupo de tra-tamientos, contra la contaminación de un medio, que aplica sistemas biológicospara catalizar la destrucción o transformación de compuestos químicos en otrosmenos tóxicos (Atlas & Unterman, 1999; Hughes et al, 2000). Estos microorga-nismos utilizan su potencial enzimático para mineralizar los compuestos conta-minantes o degradarlos hasta productos intermedios, en un ambiente aerobio oanaerobio. Existen factores limitantes (King et al, 1997) como son: nutrientesesenciales (nitrógeno y/o fósforo), aceptores adecuados de electrones, condicio-nes medioambientales apropiadas (pH, potencial redox, humedad), inexistenciasde poblaciones microbianas con potencial enzimático.
Desde un punto de vista oficial, la academia americana de microbiología define labiorremediación como “la utilización de organismos vivos para reducir o eliminarriesgos medioambientales resultantes de la acumulación de compuestos químicostóxicos y otros residuos peligrosos” (Gibson & Sayler, 1992). Estas técnicas estánaprobadas por varias agencias reguladoras en todo el mundo (EPA, EnvironmentCanada, etc.). La metodología aplicada y sus conclusiones sobre el tema estándisponibles en publicaciones, informes y bases de datos de organismos públicosy privados en todo el mundo
Descargas
Citas
Alexander, M. 1999 Biodegradation and Bioremediation, 2nd ed. Academic Press, London.
Alisi, C., Musella, R., Tasso, F., Ubaldi, C., Manzo, S., Creminisi, C., Sprocati, A.R. 2009. Bioremediation of diesel oil in a co-contaminated soil by bioaugentation with a icrobial formula tailored with native strains selected for heavy metals resistance. Sci. Total Environ. 407, 3024-3032.
Anderson, R.T., Lovley, D.R. 1999. Naphthalene and benzene degradation under Fe(III)-reducing conditions in petroleum-contaminated aquifers. Bioremediation Journal 3, 121-135.
Anderson, R.T., Lovley, D.R. 2000. Anaerobic bioremediation of benzene under sulphate-reducing conditions in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer. Environmental Science and Technology 34, 2261-2266.
Atlas, R.M., Unterman R. 1999. Bioremediation. En: Demain AL & Davies JE (Eds) Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 2nd ed (pp 666-681),
Baggi, G., Cavalca, L., Francia, P., Zangrossi, M. 2004. Chlorophenol removal from soil suspensions: effects of a
pecialized microbial inoculum and a degradable analogue. Biodegradation, 15 (3): 153-160.
Bastiaens, L., Springael, D., Wattiau, P., Harms, H., deWachter, R., Verachtert, H., Diels, L. 2000. Isolation of adherent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria using PAH-sorbing carriers. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, 1834–1843.
Bosma, T. N. P., Middeldorp, P. J. M., Schraa, G. and Zehnder, A. J. B. (1997). “Mass Transfer Limitation of Biotransformation: Quantifying Bioavailability”. Environmental Science & Technology, 31(1), 248-252.
Christopher, W., Kaplan, R., Christopher, L. 2004. Bacterial succession in a petroleum land treatment unit. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 1777-1786.
Eweis, J.B., Ergas. S.J., Chang, D.P., Schroeder, E.D. 1999. Principios de biorrecuperación. McGrawHill, Madrid.
Farhadian, M., Vachelard, C., Duchez, D., Larroche, C. 2008. In situ bioremediation of monoaromatic pollutants in groundwater: A review. Bioresource Technology 99, 5296-5308.
Gallego, J.R., Loredo, J., Llamas, J.F., Vázquez, F., Sánchez, J. 2001. Bioremediation of dieselcontaminated soils: Evaluation of potential in situ techniques by study of bacterial degradation. Biodegradation 12, 325-335.
Gallego, J.R., González-Rojas, E., Peláez, A.I., García, M.J., Llamas J.F., Sánchez, J. 2003. Estudio de aplicabilidad de técnicas de biorremediación en playas de Galicia afectadas por los vertidos del Prestige. XIX Congreso Nacional de
Microbiología. Libro de abstracts. Santiago de Compostela.
Gallego, J.R., Menéndez-Vega, D., GonzálezRojas, E., Sánchez, J., García-Martínez, M.J., Llamas, J.F., 2005. Oleophylic fertilizers and bioremediation: a new perspective. Book of abstracts, Biomicroworld. In: 1st Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology. Badajoz (Spain), pp. 714–715.
Gallego, J.R., Fernández, L., Fernández, J.R., Díez-Sanz, F., Ordoñez, S., González- Rojas, E., Peláez, A.I., Sánchez, J. 2006a. On Site bioremediation and washing techniques in a cobble beach affected by the Prestige oil spill, en “Recent Research Developments in Multidisciplinary Applied Microbiology. Understanding and Exploiting Microbes and Their Interactions. Biological, Physical, Chemical and Engineering Aspects”. WileyVCH, pp. 544-548. ISBN: 3-527-31611-6.
Gallego, J.R., González-Rojas, E., Peláez, A.I., Sánchez, J., García-Martínez, M.J.,Llamas, J.F. 2006b. Effectiveness of bioremediation for the Prestige fuel spill: a summary of case studies en Advanced Technology in the Environmental
Field. L. Ubertini, Ed.ACTA Press, Zürich. pp. 68-73. ISBN: 088986-552-3.
Gallego, J.R., González-Rojas, E., Peláez, A.I., Sánchez, J., García-Martínez, M.J.,Ortiz, J.E., Torres, T., Llamas, J.F. 2006c. Natural attenuation and bioremediation of Prestige fuel oil in Atlantic coasts of Galicia (Spain). Organic Geochemistry 37, 1869-1884.
Gallego J.R., Fernández, J.R., Díez-Sanz, F., Ordóñez, S., Sastre, H., González-Rojas, E.,Peláez, A.I., Sánchez, J. 2007a. Bioremediation for shoreline cleanup: in situ vs. on site treatments. Environmental Engineering Science, 24, 493-524
Gallego, J.R., García-Martínez, M.J., Llamas, J.F., Belloch, C., Peláez, A.I., Sánchez, J. 2007b. Biodegradation of oil tank bottom sludge using microbial consortia. Biodegradation 18, 269-281.
Gibson and Sayler, 1992 The American Academy of Microbiology.
Gonzàlez-Rojas, E. Técnicas de biorremediación en litorales afectados por el vertido de fuel pesado del Prestige. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Oviedo. Oviedo España. Julio de 2009
González-Rojas, E., Peláez, A.I., Sánchez Martín, J., García, M.J., Llamas J.F.,Fernández Berceruelo, I., Álvarez García, R., Rodríguez Gallego, J.L. 2004. Avances en biorremediación de vertidos marinos de hidrocarburos. El caso del Prestige. BIOTEC 2004, Congreso Nacional de Biotecnología. Publicación en el libro de abstracts con ISBN 84-609-1771-1, Oviedo.
González-Rojas, E., Peláez, A.I., Sánchez Martín, J., García, M.J., Llamas J.F.,Fernández Berceruelo, I., Álvarez García, R., Rodríguez Gallego, J.L. 2004. Avances en biorremediación de vertidos marinos de hidrocarburos. El caso del Prestige. BIOTEC 2004, Congreso Nacional de Biotecnología. Publicación en el libro de abstracts con ISBN 84-609-1771-1, Oviedo.
Hughes, B.J., Neale, C.N., Ward, C.H. 2000. Bioremediation. In: Lederberg J (Ed) Encyclopedia of Microbiology 2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 587-609. Academic Press, NY.
Jahn, M.K., Haderlein, S.B., Meckenstock, R.U. 2005. Anaerobic degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene in sediment-free ironreducing enrichment cultures. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, 3355-3358.
Johnsen, A.R., Winding, A., Karlson, U., Roslev, P. 2002. Linking of microorganisms to phenanthrene metabolism in soil by analysis of 13C-labelled celllipids. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, 6106–6113.
Johnson, K., Ghosh, S. 1998. Feasibility of anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in dredged river sediments. Water Science and Technology 38, 41–48.
Jorgensen, K.S. 2007. In situ bioremediation. Advances in Applied Microbiology 61, 285-305.
Kästner, M., Breuer-Jammali, M., Mahro, B. 1994. Enumeration and characterization of the soil microflora from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil sites able to mineralize polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 41: 267-273.
Kerr, R.S. 1994. Handbook of bioremediation. Lewis Publishers, NY.
Kao, C.M., Prosser, J. 2001. Evaluation of natural attenuation rate at a gasoline spill site. Journal of Hazardous Materials 82, 275-289.
King, R.B., Long, G.M., Sheldon, J.K. 1997. Practical environmental bioremediation, the field guide. Lewis Publishers, NY
Lima, D., Viana, P., André, S., Chelinho, S., Costa, C., Ribeiro, R., Sousa, J.P., Fialho, A.M., Viegas, C.A. 2009. Evaluatin a bioremediation tool for atrazine contaminated soils in open soil microcosms: the effectiveness of bioaugmentation and biostimulation approaches. Chemosphere 74, 187-192
Llamas, J.F., García-Mtnez, M.J., Gallego, J.R., García, R., Sánchez, J., González-Rojas, E., Peláez, A.I., Sánchez, I., Sordo, L. 2003. Evaluación y aplicación de técnicas de biorremediación en tres playas de la costa de Muxía, Industria y Minería 352, 19-24.
McNally, D.L., Mihelcic, J.R., Lueking, D.R. 1998. Biodegradation of three- and four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under aerobic and denitrifying conditions. Environmental Science and Technology 32, 2633–2639.
Menéndez-Vega, D., Gallego, J. R., Peláez, A.I., Fernández de Córdoba, G., Moreno, J., Muñoz, D., Sánchez, J. 2007. “In situ” bioremediation of soil and groundwater polluted with weathered hydrocarbons. European Journal of Soil Biology,
, 310-321.
Mills, M.A., Page, C.A., Autenrieth, R.L. 2003. Intrinsic biorremediation of a petrolium-impacted wetland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46, 887-899.
Morra, M.J. 1996. Bioremediation in soil: influence of soil properties on organic contaminants and bacteria. p. 35-60.
Nikolova, N., Nenov, V. 2005. BTEX degradation by fungi. Water Science Techonology 51, 87-93.
Niu, G.L., Zhang, J.J., Zhao, S., Liu, H., Boon, N., Zhou, N.Y. 2009. Bioaugmentation of a 4-chloronitrobenzene contaminated soil with Pseudomonas putida ZWL73. Environ Pollut. 157, 763-771.
Potin, O., Veignie, E., Rafia, C. 2004. Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolated from an aged PAH contaminated soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 51 (1): 71-78.
Prenafeta-Boldu, F.X., Ballerstedt, H., Gerritse, J., Grotenhuis, J.T. 2004. Bioremediation of BTEX hydrocarbons: effect of soil inoculation with the toluene-growing fungus Cladophialophora sp. Strain T1. Biodegradation, 15 (1): 59-65.
Providenti, M.A., Lee H., Trevors, J.T. 1993. Selected factors limiting the microbial degradation of recalcitrant compounds. J. Ind. Microbiol. 1, 379-395.
Riser-Roberts, E. 1998. Remediation of petroleum contaminated soils. CRC Press. Lewis publishers, NY
Rockne, K.J., Chee-Sanford, J.C., Sandford, R.A., Hedlund, B.P., Staley, J.T., 2000. Anaerobic naphthalene degradation by microbial pure cultures under nitrate reducing conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, 1595–1601.
Rosenberg, E. and E.Z. Ron. 1996. Bioremediation of petroleum contamination. In: Bioremediation: Principles and Applications. R.L. & D.L. Crawford (eds).
Sánchez, J., Gallego, J.R. 2005. Biorremediación: conceptos esenciales y ámbitos de aplicación en “Biotecnología y Medioambiente”. I. Marín, J.L. Sanz, R. Amils (Eds), Ephemera, Madrid, 61-75.
Shibata, A., Inoue, Y., Katayama, A. 2006. Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of phenol derivatives in various paddy soils. The Science of the Total Environment 367, 979-987.
Singh, S., Kang, S.H., Mulchandani, A., Chen, W. 2008. Bioremediation: environmental clean-up through pathway engineering. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 19, 437-444.
Spain, J., 1997. Organic chemicals with potential for natural attenuation. Bioremediation J. 1, 1-10.
Villas-Boas, S.G., Bruheim, P. 2007. The potential of metabolomics tools in Bioremediation studies. Omics-A journal of Integrative Biology 11, 305-313
Viñas, M., Grifoll, M., Sabaté, J., Solanas, A.M. 2002. Biodegradation of a crude oil by three microbial consortia of different origins and metabolic capabilities. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 28, 252-260.
Walter, M. V. 1997. Bioaugmentaion In Hurst, Ch. J., Knudsen, Gra. Mclnerney, M. J., LStetzenbach,
L. D. and Walter, M. V. Manual of Envirnmental Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology. Eashington D. C. pp:753-757.
Watanabe, K. 2001. Microorganisms relevant to bioremediation. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 12, 237-241.
Weiner, J.M., Lovley, D.R. 1998. Rapid benzene degradation in methanogenic sediments from a petroleum-contaminated aquifer. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, 1937-1939.
Wood, T.K. 2008. Molecular approaches in bioremediation. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 19, 572-578.
Young, L.; Cerniglia, C. 1995. Microbial transformation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals. Wiley & Liss. New York. pp 629
Zhao, B., Poh, C.L. 2008. Insights into environmental bioremediation by microorganisms through functional genomics and proteomics. Proteomics 8, 874-881.
Descargas
Publicado
-
Resumen2933
-
PDF2752
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
