El impacto de los grupos ocupacionales en las relaciones familiares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54104/papeles.v18n36.2450Palabras clave:
Grupos ocupacionales, relaciones familiares, interacción trabajo-familia, análisis metafórico, investigación cualitativaResumen
Introducción: el presente estudio analiza cómo distintos grupos ocupacionales configuran las relaciones familiares a través de las metáforas utilizadas para referirse a los hijos, la pareja y la familia, así como mediante las valoraciones de la comunicación en el ámbito doméstico. Metodología: con un diseño fenomenológico cualitativo, complementado por análisis metafórico, la investigación se llevó a cabo con 104 participantes de perfiles profesionales diversos: personal del sector justicia, académicos, militares, trabajadores de oficios, empleados administrativos, docentes, policías y profesionales sanitarios. Los datos se recopilaron mediante entrevistas presenciales semiestructuradas y se examinaron en MAXQDA mediante codificación abierta y categorización temática. Resultados y discusión: los hallazgos evidencian que los hijos se representaron con mayor frecuencia mediante metáforas de orientación conductista, la pareja mediante metáforas afines al enfoque gestáltico y la familia nuevamente mediante metáforas conductistas. No obstante, se observaron diferencias entre grupos ocupacionales; por ejemplo, en el sector justicia emergió una comprensión más ecológica de la familia. Asimismo, los resultados muestran que las demandas laborales inciden de manera múltiple en la comunicación familiar: la presión temporal, la carga de trabajo, los turnos y el estrés ocupacional se asociaron recurrentemente con dificultades para dedicar tiempo suficiente a hijos, cónyuges y otros miembros del hogar. En contraste, ciertas profesiones, especialmente la docencia y el ámbito sanitario, fueron descritas como facilitadoras de la comunicación al promover empatía, paciencia e interacciones constructivas. Conclusiones: en síntesis, el estudio concluye que los roles ocupacionales no influyen de forma homogénea en la vida familiar; más bien, son las experiencias específicas de cada profesión las que modelan los significados atribuidos a la familia, las prácticas comunicativas y las expectativas relacionales. Desde esta perspectiva, la investigación contribuye al campo trabajo-familia al ofrecer una interpretación cualitativa integral de cómo las culturas ocupacionales se proyectan en las dinámicas familiares.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Davut Açar, Resul Duran, Fırat Keskin, Yusuf Dilbilir, Cumhur Demiralp
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