Ethical considerations

Papeles journal adheres in all its editorial practices to the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) code of ethics. Any ethical problem or malpractice that arises during the process of submission, review, evaluation and publication will be subject to the principles and recommendations of COPE. In this regard, our journal specifically states how we comply with the 16 COPE principles. We invite you to consult its 16 best editorial practices and flow charts.

1. Website: Papeles carries out its editorial management process using the open and free editorial management software Open Journal Systems (OJS), compatible with the OAI-PMH protocol. This site is constantly updating its policies to meet the requirements of the media, maintain transparency in its processes, and inform users.
2. Name of the journal: Since its creation, Papeles has maintained its name, which appears in the ISSN certificate.
3. Peer review process: Papeles has a double-blind evaluation process detailed on its website.
4. Ownership and management: The journal is edited and financed under the diamond model by Universidad Antonio Nariño.
5. Governing body: Papeles has a geographically diverse editorial and scientific committee, as well as a scientific editor. It has a team consisting of an editorial coordinator, proofreader, and designer who support the editor-in-chief in the planning, management, production, and post-publication processes.
6. Editorial team/Contact information: Papeles publishes information related to its editorial and scientific committee and contact information for the journal on its website.
7. Copyright and licenses: Papeles declares on its website that it adheres to the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. Additionally, it declares that the authors retain the rights to their publications.
8. Charges to the author: Papeles does not generate any cost for the submission and publication of articles because it operates under the "diamond" open access model.
9. Process for identifying and dealing with allegations of research misconduct: Papeles declares the main malpractices, uses, and recommends following the COPE flowcharts when ethical problems arise in the publication process.
10. Ethics in publication: Papeles publishes a section dedicated to ethical considerations, promoting good practices in scientific publication, on its website.
11. Periodicity of publication: The scope of the journal declares a continuous publication modality.
12. Access: Papeles provides access to its publications without any subscription or cost.
13. Archiving: The journal makes the printed legal deposit of all its issues at the National Library of Colombia and has digital preservation through PKP.
14. Sources of income: Papeles is financed by Universidad Antonio Nariño.
15. Publicity: Papeles requests authors to declare any kind of conflict of interest and does not advertise on its website.
16. Direct marketing: Papeles does not carry out marketing activities of any kind.

Originality: The authors must guarantee that the submitted work has been entirely written by them; that the work is original, and it has not been published or under considered for publication somewhere else in any language. Manuscripts which are derived from thesis should not have their rights compromised and it is recommended to make them invisible in institutional repositories during the evaluation process. All used tables, figures and images must have authorization for their use in case they are protected by copyright and must cite the source if not. Pre-release versions published on pre-print sites are not accepted in order to guarantee the double-blind evaluation process.

Any author misconduct not clarified or resolved satisfactorily will be grounds for rejection at any stage of the process. COPE defines the following as major misconduct:

Plagiarism or self-plagiarism: refers to the use of your own or others’ information without proper recognition (citation), including tables, figures, or images. Before carrying out any review process, PAPELES will analyze the submitted manuscripts using Turnitin software as an anti-plagiarism mechanism. The Journal allows up to a 30% similarity with other texts, provided that they are properly cited. This percentage may be higher for review works; the editorial team will analyze the review’s contribution to knowledge. 

Recycling: involves duplicating large portions of a previously published text or the fragmentation of a study into two or more articles. Authors must ensure transparency by inexorably quoting previously published works in the new manuscript, citing them appropriately. Please note that PAPELES is not interested in publishing works with marginal contributions derived from the author’s own previous publications or other’s previous research.

Fabricated information: involves inventing, recycling, falsifying, plagiarizing, or self-plagiarizing at any research stage. Authorship conflicts, information misuse, or evaluation by external evaluators are also considered misconduct.

Authorship conflicts: authorship requires a significant contribution in writing the manuscript. By submitting a manuscript, all the authors agree that they approve the final version and consent to its submission. Upon the manuscript’s approval for publication, all the authors will be responsible for the information it contains. The authors will be responsible for solving any conflicts. PAPELES adheres to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria defining authorship, in which an author must meet the following four criteria to be considered as such:

1. An author makes substantial contributions to the conception, design, acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of the research data.
2. An author actively participates in the writing of the manuscript, and reviews the manuscript contents’ scientific, academic, or intellectual contributions of the.
3. An author approves the final version of the manuscript.
4. An author agrees and is responsible for all aspects related to the manuscript contents’ veracity and integrity.

The acknowledgments section can be used to note contributions to the work that do not meet the authorship criteria.

PAPELES asks the authors to consider the information in the CRediT taxonomy. It clearly defines the roles of the contributors to the study (https://casrai.org/credit/)

After a manuscript is accepted, authorship changes must be made through a letter or email to the Editor-in-Chief. The corresponding co-author must comprehensively state and justify the change and copy all the co-authors, including the person added or removed. The editor-in-chief will decide if the arguments are sufficient to accept the change.

Conflict of interest: every manuscript submitted must include a statement of possible conflicts of interest, financial or non-financial, that may have arisen during the research and may cause bias (up to 3 years after the work is published). If any, the conflict-of-interest declaration must indicate the funding source and any conflicts of interest that the authors may have. The consulted source must authorize the use of private information.

Requests or complaints: if an author, reviewer, reader, or other external person identifies misconduct, they may send the Editor-in-Chief a complaint or request through email (revista.papeles@uan.edu.co). The editorial team will further analyze and handle the misconduct according to the COPE guidelines.

Expressions of concern: if misconduct is informed or detected, the Editor-in-Chief will alert the authors. The alert will be issued if there is evidence that the article is based on unreliable data.

Artificial Intelligence: Papeles journal considers, as COPE does, that AI tools cannot be listed as author of a paper because it does not meet the requirements of authorship, nor can it be held responsible for the postulated text in legal terms. In case AI tools are used, a statement should be made explaining the reasons for their use and the authors should be responsible for the text.

Ethical implications: In case of using methodologies with persons such as surveys or questionnaires, it is necessary to include the number of the ethics committee that approved the study, as well as the informed consent of the subjects involved in the study.