Emotional design in ICT resources for learning: A systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54104/papeles.v18n35.2260Keywords:
Emotional design, learning, ICT resources, systematic review, educational technologyAbstract
Introduction: The objective of this article is to present the results of a systematic literature review on emotional design applied to ICT resources for learning, describe its main results and its contributions in the last decade. Methodology: The Prisma 2020 Declaration was followed with inclusion and exclusion criteria to carry out this exploratory qualitative study. A total of 29 articles from the DOAJ, Web of Science, ERIC, and Science Direct databases were analyzed in the search period between 2015-2025. Results and Discussion: The results show a growing interest since 2018, mainly in multimedia materials and in the use of color and anthropomorphism. Among the contributions are improvement in motivation, decrease in perceived difficulty and improved learning. Conclusions: The emotional design applied to ICT resources for learning improves retention, transfer and motivation in students. Regarding the generation of emotions, the results are mainly positive. It is important to apply it to other types of ICT resources, as well as evaluate other concepts in addition to the generation of emotions such as user experience.
Downloads
References
Abegaz, T., Dillon, E. y Gilbert, J. E. (2015). Exploring affective reaction during user interaction with colors and shapes. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 5253-5260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.602
Area, M. y Adell, J. (2021). Tecnologías digitales y cambio educativo: Una aproximación crítica. Reice: Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación, 19(4), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.15366/reice2021.19.4.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15366/reice2021.19.4.005
Assaf, N. (2020). El futuro de la interacción aprendiz-interfaz: Una visión desde la tecnología educativa. Apertura, 12(2), 150-165. https://doi.org/10.32870/Ap.v12n2.1910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32870/Ap.v12n2.1910
Bülbül, A. H. y Kuzu, A. (2021). Emotional design of educational animations: Effects on emotion, learning, motivation and interest. Participatory Educational Research, 8(3), 344-355. https://doi.org/10.32870/Ap.v12n2.1910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.69.8.3
Cabero Almenara, J. (2016). ¿Qué debemos aprender de las pasadas investigaciones en tecnología educativa? Riite: Revista Interuniversitaria de Investigación en Tecnología Educativa. https://doi.org/10.6018/riite/2016/256741 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/riite/2016/256741
Canté García, J. F. (2017). Psicología del color aplicada a los cursos virtuales para mejorar el nivel de aprendizaje en los estudiantes. Gráfica, 5(9), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/grafica.57 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/grafica.57
Casal Otero, L., Fernández Morante, C. y Cebreiro López, B. (2018). La competencia en TIC del profesorado no universitario. Riite: Revista Interuniversitaria de Investigación en Tecnología Educativa, 5, 22-39. https://doi.org/10.6018/riite/2018/334851 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/riite/2018/334851
Chung, S. y Cheon, J. (2020). Emotional design of multimedia learning using background images with motivational cues. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(6), 922-932. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12450 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12450
De Lera, E., Almirall, M., Valverde, L. y Gisbert, M. (2013). Improving user experience in e-learning, the case of the Open University of Catalonia. En A. Marcus (ed.), Design, User Experience, and Usability: Health, Learning, Playing, Cultural, and Cross-Cultural User Experience: Second International Conference, DUXU 2013, Held as Part of HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part II (pp. 180-188). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39241-2_21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39241-2_21
Desiron, J. C. y Schneider, S. (2024). Exploring the interplay of information relevance and colorfulness in multimedia learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1393113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1393113
Educause. (2020). 2020 Educause Horizon Report. https://library.educause.edu/-/media/files/library/2020/3/2020_horizon_report_pdf.pdf
Endres, T., Lovell, O., Morkunas, D., Rieß, W. y Renkl, A. (2023). Can prior knowledge increase task complexity? Cases in which higher prior knowledge leads to higher intrinsic cognitive load. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 305-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12563 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12563
Endres, T., Vössing, C., Renninger, K. A., Eitel, A. y Renkl, A. (2025). Sustaining focus when It’s hardest: Emotional design strengthens sustained learning, especially in contexts with attractive alternatives. Computers & Education, 233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105313
Endres, T., Weyreter, S., Renkl, A. y Eitel, A. (2020). When and why does emotional design foster learning? Evidence for situational interest as a mediator of increased persistence. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(4), 514-525. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12418 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12418
Guay, F., Vallerand, R. J. y Blanchard, C. (2000). On the assessment of situational intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS). Motivation and Emotion, 24(3), 175-213. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005614228250 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005614228250
Heidig, S., Müller, J. y Reichelt, M. (2015). Emotional design in multimedia learning: Differentiation on relevant design features and their effects on emotions and learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.009
Hijazi, A. y Baharin, H. (2023). How do visual design elements in multimedia learning material induce positive emotions in learners? International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 17(08), 59-77. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i08.39335 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i08.39335
Isen, A. M. y Reeve, J. (2005). The influence of positive affect on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Facilitating enjoyment of play, responsible work behavior, and self-control. Motivation and Emotion, 29(4), 295-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9019-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9019-8
Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A. y Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 1122-1131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1122
Klepsch, M., Schmitz, F. y Seufert, T. (2017). Development and validation of two instruments measuring intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01997 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01997
Koskinen, A., McMullen, J., Ninaus, M. y Kiili, K. (2023). Does the emotional design of scaffolds enhance learning and motivational outcomes in game‐based learning? Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 39(1), 77-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12728 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12728
Kumar, J. A., Muniandy, B. y Yahaya, W. A. J. W. (2016). Emotional design in multimedia: Does gender and academic achievement influence learning outcomes? Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 4(3), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15030397
Lenski, S. y Großschedl, J. (2022). Emotional design in concept maps: No support but also no burden. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.807627 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.807627
Leppink, J., Paas, F., Van der Vleuten, C. P., Van Gog, T. y Van Merriënboer, J. J. (2013). Development of an instrument for measuring different types of cognitive load. Behavior Research Methods, 45(4), 1058-1072. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0334-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0334-1
Li, J., Luo, C., Zhang, Q. y Shadiev, R. (2020). Can emotional design really evoke emotion in multimedia learning? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00198-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00198-y
Liew, T. W., Pang, W. M., Leow, M. C. y Tan, S. M. (2022). Anthropomorphizing malware, bots, and servers with human-like images and dialogues: The emotional design effects in a multimedia learning environment. Smart Learning Environments, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-022-00187-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-022-00187-w
Liu, Z. y Wang, Z. (2025). The impact of emotional design on multimedia learning outcomes: The moderating role of task difficulty. Behavioral Sciences, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15030397 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15030397
Marín, V. I. (2022). La revisión sistemática en la investigación en tecnología educativa: Observaciones y consejos. RiiTE: Revista Interuniversitaria de Investigación en Tecnología Educativa, 13, 62-79. https://doi.org/10.6018/riite.533231 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/riite.533231
Mayer, R. E. y Estrella, G. (2014). Benefits of emotional design in multimedia instruction. Learning and instruction, 33, 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.02.004
Mokhsin, M., Aziz, A. A., Shahuddin, A. Z., Lokman, A. M. y Idris, M. S. (2017). Web-based virtual learning environment (EmoViLe) with emotive interface feature. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 9(4S), 430-448. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i4s.25 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i4S.25
Moreno, R. y Mayer, R. (2007). Interactive multimodal learning environments: Special issue on interactive learning environments. Contemporary issues and trends. Educational Psychology Review, 19(3), 309-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-007-9047-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-007-9047-2
Münchow, H., Mengelkamp, C. Y Bannert, M. (2017). The better you feel the better you learn: Do warm colours and rounded shapes enhance learning outcome in multimedia learning? Education Research International, 2017(1), 2148139. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2148139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2148139
Mutlu-Bayraktar, D. (2024). A systematic review of emotional design research in multimedia learning. Education and Information Technologies, 29(18), 24603-24626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12823-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12823-8
Navratil, S. D., Kühl, T. y Heidig, S. (2018). Why the cells look like that: The influence of learning with emotional design and elaborative interrogations. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01653 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01653
Norman, D. A. (2012). El diseño emocional: Por qué nos gustan (o no) los objetos cotidianos. Paidós.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D. … y Alonso-Fernández, S. (2021). Declaración Prisma 2020: Una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista Española de Cardiología, 74(9), 790-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2021.07.010
Peng, X., Xu, Q., Chen, Y., Zhou, C., Ge, Y. y Li, N. (2021). An eye tracking study: Positive emotional interface design facilitates learning outcomes in multimedia learning? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00274-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00274-x
Pérez Cervantes, M. L. y Saker, A. F. (2013). Importancia del uso de las plataformas virtuales en la formación superior para favorecer el cambio de actitud hacia las TIC. Estudio de caso: Universidad del Magdalena, Colombia. Revista Iberoamericana de Evaluación Educativa, 6(1), 153-166. https://doi.org/10.15366/riee2013.6.1.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15366/riee2013.6.1.009
Plass, J. L. y Kaplan, U. (2016). Emotional design in digital media for learning. En S. Y. Tettegah y M. Gartmeier (eds.), Emotions, technology, design, and learning (pp. 131-161). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801856-9.00007-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801856-9.00007-4
Plass, J. L., Heidig, S., Hayward, E. O., Homer, B. D. y Um, E. (2014). Emotional design in multimedia learning: Effects of shape and color on affect and learning. Learning and Instruction, 29, 128-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.02.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.02.006
Plass, J. L., Homer, B. D., MacNamara, A., Ober, T., Rose, M. C., Pawar, S. … y Olsen, A. (2020). Emotional design for digital games for learning: The effect of expression, color, shape, and dimensionality on the affective quality of game characters. Learning and Instruction, 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.01.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.01.005
Ramírez García, J. de J. y Angulo Villanueva, R. G. (2023). Rhetoric and emotional design for the improvement of user experience in Moodle. The Journal of Educators Online, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.9743/JEO.2023.20.3.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9743/JEO.2023.20.3.12
Ramírez García, J. de J. y Villaseñor Zúñiga, M. A. (2024). Análisis documental del diseño emocional en el aprendizaje: Una cartografía conceptual. Paradigma, 45(2), e2024015. https://doi.org/10.37618/PARADIGMA.1011-2251.2024.e2024015.id1369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37618/PARADIGMA.1011-2251.2024.e2024015.id1369
Rodrigues, R. y Silva, M. (2022). Emotional design in multimedia learning: Systematic review. En N. Martins y D. Brandão (eds.), Advances in Design and Digital Communication II: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Design and Digital Communication, Digicom 2021, November 4-6, 2021, Barcelos, Portugal (pp. 223-234). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89735-2_19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89735-2_19
Ruf, A., Zahn, C., Agotai, D., Iten, G. y Opwis, K. (2022). Aesthetic design of app interfaces and their impact on secondary students’ interest and learning. Computers and Education Open, 3, 100075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100075
Sánchez Vera, M.ª del M. y Prendes Espinosa, Mª. P. (2022). Investigar en tecnología educativa: Un viaje desde los medios hasta las TIC. Hallazgos, 19(37). https://doi.org/10.15332/2422409X.6325 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15332/2422409X.6325
Schaffner, E. y Schiefele, U. (2007). The effect of experimental manipulation of student motivation on the situational representation of text. Learning and Instruction, 17(6), 755-772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.09.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.09.015
Shangguan, C., Wang, Z., Gong, S., Guo, Y. y Xu, S. (2020). More attractive or more interactive? The effects of multi-leveled emotional design on middle school students’ multimedia learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 3065. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03065
Slabbert, C., de Lange, R. W. y Mason, H. (2022). Anthropomorphisms in multimedia learning: Do they facilitate learning in primary school learners? Cogent Education, 9(1), 2034390. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2034390 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2034390
Starkova, T., Lukavský, J., Javora, O. y Brom, C. (2019). Anthropomorphisms in multimedia learning: Attract attention but do not enhance learning? Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 35(4), 555-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12359 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12359
Um, E., Plass, J. L., Hayward, E. O. y Homer, B. D. (2012). Emotional design in multimedia learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(2), 485-498. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0026609 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026609
Wang, Y., Zhou, Z., Gong, S., Jia, D. y Lei, J. (2021). The effects of emotional design on multimedia learning and appreciation of Chinese poetry. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 621969. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621969
Watson, D., Clark, L. A. y Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The Panas scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Wong, R. M. y Adesope, O. O. (2021). Meta-analysis of emotional designs in multimedia learning: A replication and extension study. Educational Psychology Review, 33(2), 357-385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09545-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09545-x
Zhao, F. y Mayer, R. E. (2025). Improving multimedia learning with emotional design: Depicting key elements with positive features. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 41(3), e70028. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.70028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.70028
Downloads
Published
-
Abstract0
-
PDF (Español)0
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 José de Jesús Ramírez García, María Leticia Villaseñor Zúñiga, Inés Álvarez Icaza, Teresa Ordaz Guzmán

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.




