City and Complexity
Keywords:
City, Complex Adaptative Systems, Autopoiesis, complexityAbstract
Complexity represents a paradigm to address the problems of a substantial number of interrelated nonlinearly variables as an organic whole, to what has been called problems of "organized complexity" (Weaver, 1948). This paradigm is making its way to read the city as a system of organized complexity, through the "new science of cities" named after Batty´s last publications. This paper summarize the evolution of the paradigm of complexity, describes the progress of the study of the city through complexity, and the methods used in the new science of cities based on a review of the literature to date. It propounds new directions for future research, particularly the need to study the learning capacity of the city in its urban management.
Downloads
References
Aranda Anzaldo, A. (1997). La complejidad y la forma. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Aristotle. (1984). The Collected Works of Aristotle, The Revised Oxford Edition. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Batty, M. (2011). Building a science of cities. Cities, 29, 9-16.
Batty, M. (2013). The new science of cities. EEUU: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Berry, B. J. (1964). Cities as Systems within System of Cities. Papers of the Regional Science Association, 13, 147-164.
Bertalanffy, L. v. (1968). General system theory. New York: G. Braziller.
Cannon, W. B. (1932). The wisdom of the body. W.W. Norton & Company.
Castells, M. (1999). La Era de la información: economía, sociedad y cultura (Sexta ed., Vol. 1). México: Siglo XXI.
Curry, L. (1967). Central places in the random spatial economy. Journal of Regional Science, 7(2), 217-238.
Erdős, P., & Rényi, A. (1959). In Random Graphs. I. Publicationes Mathematicae, 6, 290–297.
Geddes, P. (1915). Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (2010 ed.). London: William & Norgate.
Harvey, D. (1969). Explanation in Geography. London: Edward Arnold.
Holland, J. H. (2004). El orden oculto: de cómo la adaptación crea la complejidad. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Kauffman, S. (2003). Investigaciones. Complejidad, autoorganización y nuevas leyes para una biología general. Barcelona: TusQuets.
Li, T. Y., & Yorke, J. A. (1975). Period three implies chaos. American Mathematical Monthly(82), 985-992.
Lipton, B. H. (2008). The Biology of Belief. United States of America: Hay House.
Lipton, B. H., & Konigsberg, I. R. (1972). A fine-structural analysis of the fusion of myogenic cells. The journal of cell biology, 53(2), 348-364.
Lovelock, E. (2000). GAIA, a new look at life on Earth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Luhmann, N. (1998). Sistemas sociales: lineamientos para una teoría general (segunda ed.). Barcelona: Anthropos.
Luhmann, N. (2007). La sociedad de la sociedad. México: Herder/UIA.
Mandelbrot, B. (1983). The Fractal Geometry of Nature. New York: W. H. Freeman.
Maturana, H., & Varela, F. (2004). De Máquinas y Seres Vivos. Autopoiesis: La Organización de lo Vivo. (Sexta ed.). Buenos Aires: Editorial Universitaria y Lumen.
Morin, E. (1995). Mis demonios. Barcelona: Editorial Kairós.
Morin, E. (1999). Épistémologie de la complexité. En E. Morin, & J.-L. Le Moigne, L’intelligence de la complexité (págs. 43-77). Paris: L’Harmattan.
Nicodemi, G. (1938). The life and works of Leonardo. En G. Nicodemi, Leonardo da Vinci (págs. 19-87). New York: Reynal and Company.
Pascal, B. (1962). Pensées. Paris: Seuil.
Pinson, G., & Favre, D. (1985). Hologrammorphisme et logique holoscopique. En Pinson, Demailly, & Favre, La pensée: approche holographique (págs. 41-70). Lyon.
Rapoport, A. (1978). Aspectos humanos de la forma urbana. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
Rapoport, A. (1986). General System Theory. Essential Concepts and Applications. Abacus: Tunbridge Wells.
Thom, R. (1972). Stabilité Structurelle et Morphogénése. Paris: Ediscience.
Varela, F., Maturana, H., & Uribe, R. (1974). Autopoiesis: the organization of living systems, its characterization and a model. Biosystems, 187-196.
Weaver, W. (1948). Science and complexity. American Scientist, 536-544.
Downloads
Published
-
Abstract104
-
PDF (Español (España))86
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
